Hyperuricemic Renal Failure in Nonhematologic Solid Tumors: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

, proposed in 2004, provided both clinical and laboratory diagnostic and grading criteria for TLS as per below:(i)laboratory TLS is defined as either a 25% change or level above or below normal for any two or more serum values of uric acid, potassium, phosphate, and calcium within 3 days before or 7 days after the initiation of chemotherapy in the setting of adequate hydration and without use of any uricosuric agent;(ii)clinical TLS is defined as laboratory TLS plus one or more of the following that was not directly attributed to a therapeutic agent: increased serum creatinine (≥1.5 times the upper limit of the normal, cardiac arrhythmia/sudden death, or a seizure);

TLS most often occurs after the initiation of cytotoxic therapy in patients with high-grade lymphomas (particularly the Burkitt subtype) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. TLS has been rarely described after treatment of nonhematologic solid tumors including breast cancer, germ cell tumors